Do I have to be a US citizen to file for bankruptcy?

No, you do not have to be a citizen to file for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy code requires only that you be a person residing in the united states, or have a domicile or business in the United States. Residents of the United States may file for bankruptcy whether or not they have citizenship.

Furthermore, filing for bankruptcy will probably not stop you from becoming a citizen in the future. ICE can look at a bankruptcy as evidence of bad character, but generally this is only an issue where the bankruptcy was filed fraudulently. An experienced bankruptcy attorney will make sure that your bankruptcy is not filed fraudulently and therefore won't harm your citizenship application.